International relations theories are frameworks for understanding and analyzing the relationships and interactions between states and other actors in the international system. These theories seek to identify the underlying factors that shape international politics and to explain how different actors behave in the international arena.

There are a wide range of international relations theories, including realism, liberalism, constructivism, Marxism, and feminism, among others. These theories differ in their assumptions about the nature of international politics, the roles of different actors, and the drivers of international relations.

Realism, for example, assumes that states are motivated by their own self-interest and that the international system is characterized by a state of anarchy, in which states must rely on their own capabilities to protect themselves. Liberalism, on the other hand, emphasizes the role of international institutions and cooperation in shaping international relations and sees states as motivated by a desire to promote peace and prosperity.

Constructivism focuses on the role of ideas, norms, and identities in shaping international relations, while Marxism emphasizes the role of economic and class dynamics. Feminism, meanwhile, examines the ways in which gender and other identity factors shape international relations and the ways in which power is distributed among different actors.

Overall, international relations theories offer a range of approaches for understanding and analyzing international politics and provide a foundation for studying the complex and multifaceted nature of international relations.